The Defense Systems Management Guide (DSMC 1990) describes
a generalist type of
systems engineering in a way that sounds a lot like program management. A check
of recent INCOSE proceedings books showed about two thirds of the papers were
talking about Program Systems Engineering. In this implementation, specific
people are designated the systems engineers and made responsible for the top-
level design of the system, including system budgets, for specification of the pieces,
and for coordinating the build and integration of the pieces. Large programs using
Program Systems Engineering tend to designate a group of people as systems
engineers, while smaller programs often call out a chief engineer or a sole systems
engineer.